DID you know that Kedah used to go by various names, like “Kalat”, “Kalah” and “Kataram”? Foreign traders were the ones who gave the place these names during ancient times, as some had difficulty pronouncing “Kedah”. Many of these traders came from India, Europe, the Middle East and China, and traded in mainly iron and spices.
Kedah certainly had a thriving economy back then, and was even a powerful kingdom for some centuries.
One day, while sifting through some soil, the team unearthed an ancient artefact – a smelted iron. After analysing it, the piece was found to be from as far back as 788BC, making it the oldest artefact ever discovered at the site so far.The team has since discovered other remains of ancient treasures at the archaeological complex such as trading ports, iron smelting workshops and a ritual monument, as well as jetties, or at least parts of them.
Smelting the iron, however, was no easy feat, taking into account that everything had to be done manually. Workers had to be able to withstand the intense heat from the furnace and hot melted iron, coupled with the long hours of labour. Prof Mokhtar himself excavated a candi at Sungai Batu, and also found some pottery carved with religious art that were symbolic of animism and Buddhism practices.
Archaeologist Dr Mohd Hasfarisham Halim, 37, is the guide at the museum. If you speak to him, he will tell you more about the candi, and all the artefacts that have been found so far in archaeological site. According to him, the candi were built using materials available in the area, such as clay, laterite, granite and gravel.There’s a gallery where artefacts are on display. Among them are trade items like iron, ceramics, beads and pottery and religious sculptures.
Back in the day, food was prepared in the brick building as well. According to Prof Mokhtar, the research team spotted signs of a kitchen in the form of cooking ash and charcoal, which were used to cook. Based on historical records, the smelting industry came to an end during the Chola Invasion of Kadaram – said to have taken place in 1025. This caused the people to abandon the place and move elsewhere. Ships also eventually ended up at the sea bed as the water level in Sungai Batu receded.
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